Since their first identification, numerous FWI variations have been reported (e.g. The direction of illusory motion varies from person to person. The Fraser–Wilcox illusion (FWI reported in 1979) is a representative example of motion illusion 2 and comprises a spiral pattern design of repeating luminance gradients. In motion illusions, motion is perceived even when the relative positions of the observer and the observed object are unchanged. Motion illusion is among the most impressive visual illusions 1. ![]() ![]() The observed inaccuracy of the networks will provide useful information for further understanding information processing associated with human vision. Additionally, illusion-like designs with repeating patterns were generated using areas where anomalous vectors were detected, and psychophysical experiments were conducted, in which illusory motion perception in the generated designs was detected. Notably, the networks occasionally detected anomalous motion vectors, even in ordinally static images where humans were unable to perceive any illusory motion. Results showed that the networks clearly classified a group of illusory images and others and reproduced illusory motions against various types of illusions similar to human perception. In the present study, we further examined the properties of the network using a set of 1500 images, including ordinary static images of paintings and photographs and images of various types of motion illusions. ![]() In our previous study, we successfully reproduced the illusory motion perceived in the rotating snakes illusion using deep neural networks incorporating predictive coding theory.
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